The Red Summer of 1919
By Antonio Vallone
Black soldiers return
victorious from World War
One to U.S. Ex-
cited white men meet trains, lynch
them in uniform:
Black medals in the branches.
Antonio Vallone (1957–2025) was an associate professor of English at Penn State DuBois, English Coordinator, and co-coordinator of the 2- and 4-year multidisciplinary studies programs. He was the founding publisher of MAMMOTH books, co-publisher of The Watershed Journal Publishing Cooperative, and former chief editor and poetry editor of Pennsylvania English. He published several poetry collections, including The Blackbird’s Applause, Grass Saxophones, and Golden Carp, and the chapbook-length poem Chinese Bats.
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